Final answer:
Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy where judges interpret the Constitution to align with modern society's needs, often leading to the expansion of individual rights and liberties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term judicial activism refers to a philosophy of judicial interpretation that allows judges to interpret the Constitution in a way that they believe best fits the evolving needs and values of society. This contrasts with judicial restraint, where judges tend to adhere closely to precedent and the original intent of the Constitution, often refraining from making broad legal decisions that might be considered legislative in nature. Judicial activism is seen in decisions where the courts have expanded on the constitutional rights, such as in the cases of privacy or abortion rights, interpreting the Constitution as a living document that must be applied in the context of contemporary society.