Final answer:
Recidivism is the correct term for the repetition of criminal behavior by someone who has been previously convicted, which rehabilitation efforts can help reduce.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept being described here is recidivism, which is the repetition of a criminal act by someone who has been convicted of a prior offense. The correct answer to fill in the blank would therefore be 'b. recidivism.'
Rehabilitation efforts and various programs, such as drug treatment and monitoring through drug courts, have been noted to reduce recidivism. These efforts are seen as more effective than purely punitive measures. In contrast to rehabilitative approaches, incarceration, particularly for juveniles, can be counterproductive.
It may increase the likelihood of future criminal behavior, rather than serving as a deterrence. Therefore, alternatives such as diversion programs and community service are often advocated for being more effective.