Final answer:
HMO wellness programs include services like nutritional counseling, smoking cessation programs, and fitness classes but exclude coverage for elective cosmetic surgery. HMOs prioritize essential healthcare services and preventative measures to manage resources. Thus, the option d is the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) wellness programs typically include a range of services aimed at promoting health and preventing disease. These services may consist of nutritional counseling, smoking cessation programs, and fitness classes, among other wellness initiatives. However, HMO wellness programs do not usually provide coverage for elective procedures that are not deemed medically necessary, such as elective cosmetic surgery. This aligns with the structure of HMOs, which receive reimbursement according to the number of patients, meaning they prioritize preventative and essential healthcare services to manage costs effectively. Additionally, HMOs design their wellness programs to reduce the instance of adverse selection by incentivizing healthy behaviors among all enrollees, rather than covering procedures that might only benefit a specific subset of patients without health benefits.