Question

NNT to prevent 1 case of

a) In CS - Fecal incontinence, Adverse outcome in breech, Perinatal death in breech
b) IOL vs expectant - perinatal mortality
c) Intrapartum Abx to prevent early onset GBS - Intrapartum fever, Preterm < 35 weeks, Preterm <37 weeks, PROM, neonatal death from GBS

Answer 1

The question is seeking the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for different adverse outcomes in childbirth and neonatal care. NNT measures the effectiveness of interventions in preventing one bad outcome, such as early onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection or fecal incontinence associated with cesarean sections.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question is asking for the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) to prevent one case of various outcomes related to childbirth and neonatal care. The NNT is a way to quantify how effective a medical intervention is by showing how many people need to receive the treatment to prevent one additional bad outcome. If we look at the given contexts, such as fecal incontinence and adverse outcomes with a breech presentation, NNT would inform the number of cesarean sections (CS) needed to avoid one such event.

In the case of intrapartum antibiotics to prevent early onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, knowledge of the NNT can guide clinical decisions to prevent intrapartum fever, preterm delivery before 35 and 37 weeks, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and neonatal death due to GBS. Neonatal meningitis caused by S. agalactiae is another critical area where NNT is relevant, particularly in the context of the early onset of the disease which can occur when infants up to 7 days old get infected during childbirth.