Final answer:
Mature mRNA requires a 5' methyl guanosine cap and a poly(A) tail for export from the nucleus. RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs also play a role in the export process.
Step-by-step explanation:
For mature mRNA to be exported from the nucleus, it must possess certain characteristics. One important characteristic is the presence of a 5' methyl guanosine cap at the beginning of the mRNA molecule. This cap helps in the binding of nuclear transport receptors, which are necessary for the transport of mRNA through nuclear pores.
Another characteristic is the presence of a poly(A) tail at the 3' end of the mRNA molecule. This tail binds to a poly-A-binding protein, which also aids in the export of mRNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Additionally, the mRNA molecule may have RNA-binding proteins (RPBs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that bind to the 5' UTR or the 3' UTR of the RNA and can affect the stability and control the amount of protein synthesis.