Final answer:
The central dogma of biology refers to the process of gene expression, involving two main processes: transcription and translation, where genetic information is passed from DNA to RNA and then to protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of gene expression always involves transcription and translation, as stated in the central dogma of molecular biology.
Transcription is the process where the genetic instructions in DNA are copied to messenger RNA (mRNA). In translation, this mRNA sequence is used to assemble the corresponding protein, with three nucleotides of mRNA dictating one amino acid of the protein. These processes reflect the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, with genes providing the sequence for mRNAs, which then dictate the sequence of amino acids in proteins. In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the resulting mRNA is then transported to the ribosome for translation into a protein, demonstrating the unequivocal flow of genetic information.