Final answer:
The catalytic sites for peptide bond formation during translation are found in the large subunit of the ribosome, where the peptide bonds between amino acids are catalyzed, facilitating the synthesis of polypeptide chains.Option 2 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The catalytic sites for peptide bond formation during translation is found in the large subunit of the ribosome. During the translation process, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA template and the initiator tRNA recognizes the start codon on the mRNA. However, it's the large subunit that joins this complex and houses the important catalytic activity. As translation proceeds, the ribosome, composed of the large and small subunits, moves along the mRNA in a directional manner, and the large subunit catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, gradually elongating the polypeptide chain.
The large ribosomal subunit contains the A (aminoacyl), P (peptidyl), and E (exit) sites, where successive tRNAs carrying amino acids enter, form peptide bonds, and then exit as the growing polypeptide chain is formed. The ribosome's rRNA component within the large subunit is actually considered the 'ribozyme' that performs the catalytic role in peptide bond formation, demonstrating that ribosomes are ribozymes - a type of enzyme made of RNA.