Final Answer:
The pattern where one gene affects many traits is called Polygenic inheritance.Thus the correct option is (1).
Step-by-step explanation:
Polygenic inheritance refers to a situation in which a trait is controlled by multiple genes, each contributing in varying degrees to the phenotype of the individual. Unlike single-gene traits that follow Mendelian inheritance patterns, polygenic traits are influenced by the additive effects of several genes. The cumulative impact of these genes results in a wide range of phenotypic variations within a population.Thus the correct option is (1).
In polygenic inheritance, the traits often exhibit a continuous variation, forming a bell-shaped curve when graphed, known as a normal distribution. Each gene involved in the polygenic trait adds a small, incremental effect to the overall phenotype. The more genes involved, the greater the potential variation in the trait. For instance, human height is a classic example of a polygenic trait, influenced by the combined effects of numerous genes. The polygenic nature of inheritance explains the continuous spectrum of heights observed in populations.
Understanding polygenic inheritance is crucial in fields such as genetics, medicine, and agriculture. It allows researchers to study the complexity of traits and diseases and provides insights into the interplay of multiple genes in shaping characteristics. The recognition of polygenic inheritance has profound implications for genetic counseling, selective breeding, and the development of therapies for complex genetic disorders, contributing to advancements in various scientific disciplines.