Final answer:
Preeclampsia with severe features often leads to fetal complications such as Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth, both related to inadequate oxygen and nutrients supply due to placental insufficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fetal complications in preeclampsia with severe features most often include Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth. IUGR is characterized by abnormally slow growth of a fetus, which can happen due to several factors affecting the mother, fetus, or placenta, with placental insufficiency being a leading cause. This condition refers to a problem with the placenta that results in inadequate oxygen and nutrient transfer to the fetus. Consequently, babies with IUGR are at risk for low birth weight and associated health issues post-delivery. Another risk associated with preeclampsia is preterm birth, which can lead to developmental challenges in the infant due to insufficiently developed respiratory and other vital systems. In this context, premature infants can struggle with issues such as difficulty inflating the lungs if born before sufficient pulmonary surfactant production by type II cells.