Final answer:
Nurse-initiated interventions are actions nurses can initiate independently. Examples of nurse-initiated interventions include ordering heel protectors, preadmission teaching, and ordering pain medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nurse-initiated interventions are actions that nurses can independently initiate to promote the well-being of their patients. Based on the options given, the nurse-initiated interventions are:
- a. ordering heel protectors for patients susceptible to skin breakdown
- c. preadmission teaching
- d. ordering pain medication
These interventions do not require consultation with other healthcare professionals and can be implemented by the nurse to address the specific needs of the patients.