Final answer:
The most common cause of Cushing's disease is a pituitary adenoma. This condition leads to excessive cortisol production due to a tumor in the pituitary gland and results in various symptoms and metabolic disturbances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common cause of Cushing's disease is a pituitary adenoma. Cushing's disease occurs due to the hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, usually caused by an abnormal growth or tumor in the pituitary gland. This condition leads to the excessive production of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Symptoms of Cushing's disease include obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), excessive body hair, osteoporosis, and depression. It is also characterized by the distinctive appearance of stretch marks, thinning skin, and facial roundness, known as a moon face.
Treatment for Cushing's syndrome varies based on its underlying cause but commonly involves surgical removal of the tumor or pharmacological management to suppress adrenal gland activity. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids leads to Cushing's disease, with the pituitary tumor being the most common source of this disorder, which can result in various metabolic disturbances, including elevated blood glucose levels.