Question

Ben, a client with type 1 diabetes, is hospitalized with an admitting diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following signs and symptoms would be consistent with this condition?

a. Hypoglycemia and glycosuria.

b. Decreased respiratory rate with shallow respirations.

c. Polydipsia and an increased blood pH.

d. Ketonuria and polyuria.

Answer 1

The correct option for signs and symptoms consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is 'Ketonuria and polyuria'. DKA is characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood and urine, frequent urination, and increased thirst among other symptoms.

Step-by-step explanation:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes that results from an insulin deficiency. DKA leads to high levels of ketones in the blood, causing the blood to become acidic. Some of the signs and symptoms consistent with DKA include:

• Ketonuria: the presence of ketone bodies in the urine.
• Polyuria: frequent and excessive urination.
• Polydipsia: increased thirst and fluid intake.
• Other symptoms can include deep, rapid breathing called Kussmaul respiration, fruity-smelling breath due to exhaled acetone, dry skin and mouth, nausea, and vomiting.

Therefore, option D: 'Ketonuria and polyuria' are consistent with the signs and symptoms of DKA. Option A is incorrect because it suggests hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia, which is typical of DKA. Option B is also incorrect, as an increased rather than decreased respiratory rate is expected. Option C is mistaken because blood pH decreases in DKA, not increases.