Final answer:
The mechanism that prevents an individual from fleeing to avoid criminal prosecution is the extradition clause, which is a constitutional mandate that states extradite fugitives back to the state where the crime was committed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism that prevents a person from fleeing a state to avoid being charged with a crime is known as the extradition clause. This clause, found in Section 2 Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, mandates that states are required to extradite (return) captured fugitives from justice in other states back to the state where the crime took place to face trial. The purpose of this is to ensure that individuals cannot escape legal responsibility by simply moving to another state.
Other options mentioned such as habeas corpus, double jeopardy, and bill of attainder pertain to different legal protections and prohibitions. Habeas corpus guarantees the right to have a court determine the legality of one's detention, double jeopardy prevents being tried twice for the same crime at the same level of government, and a bill of attainder is a legislative act that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial, which is prohibited to safeguard against unfair persecution.