Final answer:
Civil law is the statute that enforces private rights and liabilities, separate from criminal law, and covers disputes between private parties such as personal injury or contract issues. Both state and federal courts handle cases involving civil and criminal law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statute that enforces private rights and liabilities, and is differentiated from criminal law, is called civil law. Civil law cases involve disputes between private parties and can include personal injury, contract disputes, and family law matters. Civil law is distinct from criminal law, which relates to conduct that is prohibited by government and can harm others, with government-imposed punishments for such actions. When dealing with disputes or controversies, both state and federal courts can hear matters that involve both civil and criminal law.