Final answer:
Testicular atrophy can be caused by various factors including infection, trauma, hormonal imbalance, aging, excessive exercise, genetic factors, environmental toxins, radiation, and vascular disorders. Option d all the above is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Testicular atrophy, or the shrinking of the testicles, can have various causes. These include:
- Infection, trauma, and hormonal imbalance
- Aging, excessive exercise, and genetic factors
- Environmental toxins, radiation, and vascular disorders
All of the above options represent potential causes of testicular atrophy.