Final answer:
Diseases affecting the tunica vaginalis are hydrocele, where there is abnormal fluid collection, and varicocele, which is the enlargement of scrotal veins, making option b the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about diseases that affect the tunica vaginalis, which is a structure within the male reproductive system. The tunica vaginalis is a serous membrane that covers the front and sides of the testicle and is an extension of the peritoneum. Diseases that impact the tunica vaginalis include fluid accumulation disorders such as hydrocele, where there is an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between the layers of the tunica vaginalis. Another condition affecting the tunica vaginalis is a varicocele, which is characterized by the enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins.
Both hydrocele and varicocele can cause discomfort and swelling in the scrotum. Conditions like epididymitis and orchitis refer to inflammation of the epididymis and testes respectively, and while they may present with scrotal swelling, they do not directly involve the tunica vaginalis. Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate, not related to the tunica vaginalis. Cryptorchidism refers to undescended testicles, and testicular hypoplasia is underdevelopment of the testicles, neither of which are diseases of the tunica vaginalis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition affecting the prostate gland, so it too does not involve the tunica vaginalis.Therefore, the correct option for the diseases that affect the tunica vaginalis is b. Hydrocele and varicocele.