Final answer:
Diabetic nephropathy results in glomerular sclerosis, the hardening or scarring of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to disrupted filtration and potentially kidney failure. so, option c is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetic nephropathy causes damage to the capillaries in the glomeruli of the kidneys due to long-standing diabetes mellitus. This kidney disease leads to several changes in the structure and function of the glomeruli. One such change is glomerular sclerosis, which refers to the hardening or scarring of the glomeruli.
This scarring disrupts the normal filtering process of the kidneys, allowing proteins such as albumin to leak into the urine, a condition known as proteinuria. Over time, this can progress to kidney failure. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, "What does diabetic nephropathy do to the glomerulus?" is c. Results in glomerular sclerosis.
This condition describes the scarring and hardening of the glomerulus. Over time, the damage to the glomeruli can result in kidney failure. Glomerular hypertrophy (a) and glomerular atrophy (b) are not typically associated with diabetic nephropathy, while glomerular hyperfiltration (d) may occur initially as a compensatory response by the kidneys to filter more blood.