Final answer:
Acute kidney injury is the condition that causes a rapid decrease in kidney function. It can arise from various causes and may require immediate treatment such as dialysis to manage severe cases. AKI is contrasted with more gradually progressive kidney disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease characterized by a sudden, sharp decline in renal function is known as acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI occurs when the kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from the blood, resulting in a rapid buildup of toxic substances.
In cases of acute kidney injury, the decline in kidney function happens over a very short period typically days or even hours. It can be caused by various factors which may include events that reduce blood flow to the kidneys, direct damage to the kidneys themselves, or blockage of urine leaving the kidneys.
Treatments for AKI may include measures to restore normal blood flow, treat the underlying cause, and support the kidneys until they can recover. Treatment options range from fluid and electrolyte management to dialysis in severe cases. If untreated, acute kidney injury can lead to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.