Final answer:
The disease associated with overproduction, decreased renal excretion, and increased dietary intake of uric acid is gout. Gout causes painful joint inflammation due to uric acid crystal accumulation and can be managed by medication and diet changes. The correct option is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease characterized by the following aspects:
- Polygenic basis
- Metabolic overproduction of Uric Acid
- Decreased renal excretion of Uric Acid
- Increased dietary intake of Uric Acid
is known as gout. Gout results from an accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, which can cause severe pain and inflammation. This condition may be caused by a variety of factors including a polygenic basis, overproduction of uric acid due to enzyme alterations such as PRPP synthetase leading to increased purine synthesis, decreased excretion of uric acid often linked to renal failure, and elevated dietary intake of foods high in purines which increases uric acid levels.
Primary gout is often due to enzyme abnormalities leading to overproduction of purines, while secondary gout can be caused by excess catabolism of purine or diminished uric acid excretion due to renal issues. Furthermore, dietary choices play a significant role in managing gout. Food items like tea, coffee, and chocolate, which contain purine-like compounds, should be avoided to minimize the risk of developing gout and related uric acid stones.
Maintaining appropriate uric acid levels in the blood is vital to prevent gout. Conditions such as trauma, aging, febrile diseases, kidney dysfunction, high non-vegetarian diets, and hypoxia can impact these levels, often resulting in increased uric acid with potential deposition in the joints, leading to gouty arthritis. Gout can be controlled with the use of uricosuric drugs that increase the excretion of uric acid and help keep its levels in check.