Final answer:
The syndrome with pathological secretion of aldosterone causing hyperaldosteronism is Conn's syndrome, not to be confused with Cushing's syndrome, which involves cortisol overproduction, or Addison's disease, which includes adrenal hormone hyposecretion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The syndrome characterized by pathological secretion of aldosterone, leading to excessive re-absorption of sodium and hyperaldosteronism, is known as Conn's syndrome. This syndrome results from the hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex, specifically from one or more adenomas causing excessive aldosterone production. Conn's syndrome often presents with symptoms such as high blood pressure, muscle weakness, and headaches due to the resultant hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels) and hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
Cushing's syndrome, on the other hand, is associated with hypersecretion of cortisol, often due to a pituitary tumor, and can present with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other symptoms. Addison's disease involves hyposecretion of adrenal hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, leading to weight loss, low blood pressure, and general fatigue. The question specifies a condition of hyperaldosteronism, which directs us to Conn's syndrome as the accurate answer, which is option c).