Stockdale's views on resilience emphasize a balance between optimism and realism, as excessive optimism or pessimism can hinder true resilience in challenging situations.
The correct answer is option B.
Stockdale's views on resilience align closely with option B: "A proper balance between pessimism and realism is necessary to be resilient." James Stockdale, a former United States Navy Vice Admiral and prisoner of war during the Vietnam War, developed the concept of "Stockdale Paradox." This philosophy emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between optimism and a realistic acknowledgment of challenges.
Option B accurately reflects Stockdale's belief that excessive optimism, as indicated in option A, can be detrimental. While optimism is essential, Stockdale argued that being overly optimistic and ignoring the harsh realities of a situation can lead to a loss of resilience. Conversely, excessive pessimism, as mentioned in option C, can indeed contribute to a negative mindset that hinders resilience.
Option D, stating that excessively optimistic individuals are less likely to be resilient, is consistent with Stockdale's views. He believed that those who maintained a realistic outlook, facing challenges with an understanding of the difficulties, were better equipped to endure and overcome adversity.
In summary, Stockdale's perspective emphasizes the necessity of finding a balance between optimism and realism for true resilience in the face of challenging circumstances.
Therefore, from the given options the correct one is B.