Final answer:
Resilience is both influenced by genetics and can be learned through experience, acting as an adaptation for survival and successful reproduction. Therefore, the correct option is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Researchers believe that resilience is a trait that can both be affected by genetic factors and developed through life experiences. It's not solely a genetically based trait, but it is considered an adaptation that can help individuals to survive and reproduce in various environments. Resilience, much like the fight or flight behavior, has evolved and becomes incorporated into the human lineage because it aided survival and was subsequently passed down through generations.
Environmental factors and experiences can also teach individuals to adapt and develop resilience. For example, the concept that individuals showing fight or flight behavior were more likely to survive emphasizes how behaviors that aid survival can become favorable. In a similar way, resilience can be strengthened in individuals who learn and adapt based on their experiences.
In conclusion, while some aspects of resilience may be innate due to evolutionary pressures, it is also a characteristic that can be learned and developed over time, aiding in the survival and successful reproduction of the organism.