Final answer:
The pathological presence of bacteria in urine is known as bacteriuria, which is an indication of a possible urinary tract infection and requires urinalysis and antibiotics for treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathological presence of bacteria in the urine is called bacteriuria. This condition is often indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI), which can occur when bacteria from the lower gastrointestinal tract are introduced into the urinary tract. Routine urinalysis is used to screen for infections by detecting the presence of nitrites and leukocyte esterase that can indicate an active bacterial infection. On the other hand, other conditions like glycosuria indicate the presence of glucose in urine, proteinuria refers to protein content in urine, and hematuria points to red blood cells in urine, respectively. UTIs can be treated with antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, and diagnosis is supported by urine culture and microscopic analysis.