Final answer:
The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called the glomerulus, and it is surrounded by the Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule follows, including the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule, leading to the collecting duct. A false statement about the nephron is that the collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called the glomerulus. It is the location in the kidney where blood filtration begins. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, forming the renal corpuscle, which is the initial structure of a nephron. After the Bowman's capsule, the filtered fluid passes through various parts of the nephron including the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule, before finally reaching the collecting duct.
False statement about the nephron: The collecting duct does not empty into the distal convoluted tubule; rather it receives filtrate from the distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons. The nephron consists of two main parts: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule, with the latter starting from the Bowman's capsule and including sections like the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.