Final answer:
Leukocyturia is the pathological presence of leukocytes in the urine, often indicating a potential urinary tract infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathological presence of leukocytes in the urine is called leukocyturia. This condition may suggest a potential urinary tract infection (UTI), as cells are not typically found in the urine. Leukocyte esterase, released by leukocytes, can be detected in the urine as indirect evidence of a UTI. It's important to note that leukopenia indicates too few leukocytes being produced, which can result in an increased risk for disease due to inadequate immune defense, while leukocytosis refers to an excessive leukocyte proliferation with often nonfunctional cells. In contrast, hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which may occur in conditions such as nephritis, kidney trauma, tuberculosis, and kidney stones.