Final answer:
The renal capsule is the fibrous supporting tissue capsule that provides a barrier to infection and adheres to the surface of the kidney.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fibrous supporting tissue capsule which adheres to the surface of the kidney and provides a barrier to infection is the renal capsule. The correct answer to the question is d) Renal capsule. The outer structure of the kidneys includes three layers: the renal fascia which is the outermost layer, followed by the perineal fat capsule that provides cushioning and support, and finally, the innermost renal capsule. Internally, the kidney is composed of the renal cortex, the renal medulla, and the renal pelvis.