Question

Fluid Volume Deficit Side Effects

a. Hypertension
b. Edema
c. Increased urine output
d. Tachycardia

Answer 1

The side effect of fluid volume deficit related to the heart is tachycardia (Option D), not hypertension, which is related to excess fluid volume or hypervolemia. Hyponatremia causes dehydration and low blood pressure, while hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure and edema, requiring treatment of the underlying condition to restore homeostasis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Fluid volume deficit, often known as dehydration, leads to several physiological responses in an attempt to maintain homeostasis.

The side effects of fluid volume deficit can include tachycardia (increased heart rate), as the body attempts to compensate for the reduced blood volume and maintain adequate circulation.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical side effect of fluid volume deficit but is more associated with hypervolemia or excess fluid volume.

Hyponatremia, which is a decrease in blood sodium levels, can cause dehydration, reduced blood pressure, and decreased blood volume, potentially leading to circulatory failure.

Factors like dehydration due to the injection of a hypertonic solution can also lead to a transient increase in blood volume due to osmotic shifts but ultimately result in a net loss of body water and subsequent dehydration.

Hypervolemia, on the other hand, is characterized by an excess of fluid volume due to the retention of water and sodium.

Conditions like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease can lead to hypervolemia, causing increased blood pressure and edema. Treating hypervolemia involves addressing the underlying condition to restore homeostasis.

Hence, the correct answer is Option D.

Answer 2

Fluid Volume Deficit typically manifests as tachycardia, increased minute respiration, and decreased intestinal peristalsis. It does not cause hypertension, edema, or increased urine output, which are related to fluid volume overload, or Hypervolemia (option d).

Step-by-step explanation:

The side effects of Fluid Volume Deficit include a range of physiological responses as the body attempts to cope with a decrease in blood and plasma volume. These effects typically manifest as:

Fluid Volume Deficit does not typically cause hypertension, edema, or increased urine output; these are more often seen with Fluid Volume Overload, or Hypervolemia. Situations like hyponatremia and dehydration, characterized by decreased blood pressure and decreased blood volume, align more closely with fluid volume deficit conditions. All in all, the aim is to restore homeostasis by managing the underlying causes of the fluid imbalance.

Hence, the answer is option d.