Final answer:
Expected findings in a child with cystic fibrosis include wheezing, clubbing of fingers and toes, and a barrel-shaped chest. Thin, watery mucus and rapid growth spurts are not typical of cystic fibrosis. The correct options are a, b and c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The expected findings in a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) typically include:
A. Wheezing: Children with CF commonly experience wheezing due to the increased production of thick and sticky mucus in the airways, leading to airway obstruction and difficulty in breathing. This can result in wheezing sounds during respiration.
B. Clubbing of fingers and toes: Clubbing is a condition characterized by the enlargement and rounding of the fingertips and toes. In CF, chronic hypoxia and decreased oxygen levels due to lung disease can lead to clubbing.
C. Barrel-shaped chest: CF can cause chronic lung disease, leading to air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs. Over time, this can result in a barrel-shaped appearance of the chest due to increased anterior-posterior diameter.
D. Thin, watery mucus: Contrary to the expected findings, CF is characterized by the production of thick, sticky mucus due to a defective chloride channel, resulting in dehydrated and viscous secretions in various organs.
E. Rapid growth spurts: Growth and development in children with CF might be affected due to malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies caused by pancreatic insufficiency. Typically, children with CF may struggle with growth and might not experience rapid growth spurts.
In summary, the expected findings in a child with cystic fibrosis commonly include wheezing, clubbing of fingers and toes, a barrel-shaped chest due to chronic lung disease, and thin, viscous mucus secretions in various organs. Rapid growth spurts are less likely due to potential growth and nutritional challenges associated with CF.