Final answer:
Oral contraception may be used by female clients with diabetes mellitus, given that it is well-managed and they do not have additional risk factors that would increase cardiovascular risks significantly. Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, thrombophlebitis, and lupus usually contraindicate their use due to increased risks. The correct answer is b. Diabetes mellitus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question presented pertains to which preexisting conditions allow for the use of oral contraceptives by female clients. When providing medical advice, physicians generally recommend against the use of oral contraception for women with certain health conditions that may be exacerbated by the hormones present in these contraceptives. Conditions that often contraindicate the use of oral contraceptives include cardiovascular disease, thrombophlebitis (a condition which involves blood clots in the veins that can be exacerbated by hormone use), and certain autoimmune diseases like lupus which can affect blood clotting and the cardiovascular system.
Diabetes mellitus, on the other hand, is a condition where oral contraceptives can sometimes be used, under a healthcare provider's surveillance, especially if it is well-controlled and without other complications which may increase cardiovascular risks. However, it is crucial that the risks are weighed against the benefits – as there might be an increased risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients using oral contraception, particularly if they are smokers or have been diabetic for many years.
For a female client with diabetes mellitus, if there are no other factors that significantly increase cardiovascular risk and her condition is well-managed, oral contraceptives may be prescribed with regular monitoring. This makes diabetes mellitus the correct preexisting condition that does not, ipso facto, completely rule out the use of oral contraceptives, although the decision must be individualized.