Final answer:
Edward Syndrome is correctly identified as Trisomy 18 with attributes of low birth weight and heart defects. Down syndrome, caused by Trisomy 21, is distinct and includes cognitive impairment among its effects. The likelihood of Down syndrome increases with maternal age due to chromosomal nondisjunction risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct attribute for Edward Syndrome is option b) which identifies it as Trisomy 18 and lists associated characteristics such as low birth weight and heart defects. This condition arises when there is an extra copy of chromosome 18, causing various developmental issues. It is important to note that Edward Syndrome is distinct from Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, known as Trisomy 21, leading to cognitive impairment and characteristic physical features.
Down syndrome is indeed the only autosomal trisomy where individuals often survive into adulthood, presenting with a range of intellectual and physical challenges, as well as a specific facial appearance. Medical advancements and societal support play critical roles in improving the quality of life for those with this condition. Additionally, the chance of a child being born with Down syndrome increases with maternal age due to the higher likelihood of chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis in older women's eggs.