Final Answer:
All of the above nursing measures should be instituted for a patient experiencing angina.
Therefore, correct option is d. All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the mentioned nursing measures (beta-blockers and nitrates administration, vital signs and ECG monitoring, promoting rest, and managing stress) are crucial in managing a patient experiencing angina (d). Beta-blockers and nitrates help alleviate symptoms and reduce the workload on the heart. Monitoring vital signs and ECG assists in assessing the patient's cardiac status, guiding further interventions. Promoting rest and managing stress are essential to minimize cardiac workload and prevent angina episodes.
These comprehensive measures address both immediate symptom relief and long-term management, providing a holistic approach to angina care. Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers and nursing teams ensure a well-coordinated response tailored to the individual needs of the patient.
Therefore, correct option is d. All of the above.