Final answer:
Non-examples of public service include private or harmful actions that are excludable and rival, unlike non-excludable and non-rival public services such as police and fire protection that benefit entire communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Non-examples of public service can be understood by considering that public services are typically non-excludable and non-rival. This means that once provided, it is difficult to prevent others from benefiting and one person's use does not preclude another from using the service. In contrast, non-examples would be services or actions that do not benefit the public or are excludable and rival. For instance:
- a) A private security firm enforcing exclusive property rights is excludable and serves private interests, not the public at large.
- b) A group promoting hate speech and discrimination does not serve the public interest and can actually harm social cohesion.
- c) Individuals engaging in fraudulent charity activities are not providing a public service because they deceive the public for personal gain.
- d) Vigilantes taking the law into their own hands are not acting as part of an organized public service and can undermine the legal system designed to serve the public.
Services such as police and fire protection are examples of public goods because they protect entire communities, exemplifying the non-excludable and non-rival nature of public services.