Final answer:
The osmotic coefficient (Φ) of nonelectrolytes is typically less than that of electrolytes because nonelectrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution, contributing fewer solute particles compared to electrolytes of an equivalent concentration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osmotic Coefficient of Nonelectrolytes vs. Electrolytes
When discussing the osmotic coefficient (Φ) of nonelectrolytes and electrolytes, it's essential to understand their behavior in solution. An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the number of solute particles in the solution. Consequently, electrolytes significantly affect the osmotic pressure, as osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of solute particles.
In contrast, a nonelectrolyte does not dissociate into ions in water and therefore contributes fewer particles to the solution compared to an electrolyte of equivalent concentration. Given this, the osmotic coefficient of nonelectrolytes is typically less than that of electrolytes, reflecting the fewer number of solute particles contributed to the solution and, subsequently, a lower impact on osmotic pressure per unit mass. This is why the osmotic coefficient (Φ) of nonelectrolytes is generally considered to be less than that of electrolytes.