Final answer:
The nurse should include information about angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten), in the discharge teaching for a patient developing heart failure post-myocardial infarction. These medications help reduce heart workload by blocking the formation of angiotensin II. Care should be taken as they are contraindicated in pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, a patient developing signs of heart failure requires careful management, which includes discharge teaching about medication. One of the key medications prescribed are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten). These inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby reducing its effects such as vasoconstriction and retention of sodium and water which will ultimately decrease the workload on the heart. ACE inhibitors are fundamental in managing heart failure by improving symptoms, decreasing extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and enhancing the quality of life. It is, however, essential to note that while ACE inhibitors are highly beneficial, they are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal injury.
Heart failure itself does not mean the heart has ceased functioning, but rather that the pumping force of the heart is not sufficient to meet the body's demands. In this condition, the endoplasmic reticula of the cardiac muscle cells do not function properly, leading to an inadequate release of calcium ions that are necessary for muscle contraction.