Final answer:
Inherent risk is the risk present before any management actions are taken to mitigate it, while residual risk is what remains after these actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The risk that exists before management takes any steps to control the likelihood or impact of a risk is A) Inherent risk. Inherent risk is the exposure to potential negative outcomes that are intrinsic to an activity, process, or situation without considering any actions that management might take to mitigate that risk. On the other hand, residual risk is the risk that remains after management has taken steps to reduce the severity or likelihood of the initial risk. The term risk appetite refers to the amount of risk that an organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives. Lastly, risk assessment is the overall process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks.