Final answer:
Lisinopril can cause fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios, and skull hypoplasia, making the correct answer 'All of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adverse effects of lisinopril on the fetus include fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios, and skull hypoplasia. This medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which can lead to several severe fetal complications. Fetal renal dysfunction may occur, affecting the kidneys of the fetus. Oligohydramnios, a condition characterized by too little amniotic fluid, can lead to limb contractures and life-threatening hypoplastic lungs, where the lungs are small and underdeveloped. Skull hypoplasia involves the underdevelopment of the cranial bones. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is D. All of the above.