Final answer:
The statement about corruption being divided into four types is false, as there are other forms like embezzlement. The US is a democratic republic because citizens elect representatives. An individualistic political culture may show more tolerance for corruption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that corruption is divided into four fraud scheme types: (1) bribery, (2) conflict of interest, (3) economic extortion, and (4) illegal services is false.
Corruption can manifest in various other forms beyond these four, which are indeed common types, but are not the exclusive categories of corruption. For example, embezzlement is also considered a type of corporate crime that involves misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer.
The United States is often referred to as a democratic republic rather than a true democracy because citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy, as opposed to direct democracy where the populace votes on each issue individually.
The discussion on the impact of corruption on organizations such as the World Bank indicates that corruption can have significant implications on lending operations and development projects, highlighting the necessity for an anti-corruption strategy.
Citizens living under an individualistic political culture may be more tolerant of corruption from political leaders and less inclined to view politics as a noble profession.
Regarding federal spending and governmental control over the economy, it is true that federal spending has grown and a majority of the federal government's revenue is collected through personal income taxes.
However, claims such as defense spending being higher than ever, and the economy's share going to federal taxes increasing substantially over time, should be fact-checked for their current accuracy as economic data can change.