Final answer:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a condition resulting from the deterioration of the myelin sheath, producing symptoms like fatigue, vision problems, and muscle weakness. It is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, with no known cure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling disease that attacks the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath, the protective insulation surrounding nerve fibers. As the myelin is damaged, nerve impulses traveling to and from the brain and spinal cord are distorted or interrupted, leading to a wide variety of symptoms.
The symptoms of MS can include fatigue, vision problems, weakness, loss of balance, and numbness, often impacting the ability to move and coordinate. Multiple Sclerosis is considered an autoimmune disorder and can present with both somatic and autonomic deficits, affecting muscle control and organ function. While the exact cause of MS is unknown, potential factors include genetics, environmental influences, and infections, and currently, there is no known cure.