Final answer:
Each nephron consists of A) a glomerulus, B) a Loop of Henle, and C) a renal tubule, including other associated structures. These parts work together to filter blood, reabsorb necessary substances, and remove waste as urine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parts that make up each nephron are:
- A) A glomerulus
- B) A Loop of Henle
- C) A renal tubule
Each nephron in the kidney is a critical structure responsible for filtering and purifying the blood. It consists of various components including the renal corpuscle (which contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule), the renal tubule, and the surrounding capillary network. The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries where blood filtration begins. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate. The renal tubule is a long tube that processes the filtrate to form urine. The renal tubule includes segments such as the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, as well as the Loop of Henle, which is critical for reabsorbing water and salts.
The nephron's structure also includes associated capillary networks, which arise from the cortical radiate arteries. These capillaries play a vital role in reabsorbing substances back into the blood.
Certain nephrons have a short Loop of Henle that resides in the cortex (cortical nephrons), while others (juxtamedullary nephrons) have a long Loop of Henle extending into the kidney medulla, which helps concentrate the urine. The precise arrangement and interaction of these structures within the nephron allow it to effectively purify the blood and regulate body fluid balance.