Final answer:
The medication used to reduce ammonia levels in patients with liver failure is Lactulose. This medication aids in the excretion of ammonia, which is crucial because the liver in such patients cannot efficiently convert toxic ammonia to non-toxic urea, leading to potentially dangerous elevations in blood ammonia levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the medications listed for the treatment of high ammonia levels in the context of liver failure, Lactulose is the correct answer. Lactulose works by promoting the excretion of ammonia from the body. In patients with liver failure, the liver's ability to convert toxic ammonia to non-toxic urea is impaired, which can lead to a condition known as hepatic encephalopathy. Liver dysfunction can result from various causes, such as cirrhosis due to excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B or C, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism, and the liver typically converts ammonia (NH3) to urea, which is far less toxic. This function is crucial in maintaining normal ammonia levels and preventing toxicity. Effective management and treatment of elevated ammonia levels are vital, as even small increases can result in symptoms of ammonia intoxication, potentially leading to coma or death if not addressed.
Other options listed, such as insulin, furosemide, and morphine, do not have a direct role in lowering ammonia levels in patients with liver failure. The primary focus of therapy in this condition is to reduce ammonia absorption from the intestines and to promote its excretion.