Final answer:
The correct answer is a) Fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and block small blood vessels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is a) Fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and block small blood vessels. In the case of a long bone fracture, the fat from the fractured bone marrow can enter the bloodstream, leading to petechiae, which are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by blood leaking out of damaged vessels.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, typically in the leg. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, which can increase the risk of fractures but does not directly cause petechiae. Compartment syndrome is a condition where increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment reduces blood flow, but it does not directly cause petechiae after a long bone fracture.