Final answer:
A Pap smear screens for cervical cancer by collecting and analyzing cervical cells to detect abnormal cell growth. The procedure is performed by a cytotechnologist in a lab and has greatly reduced cervical cancer deaths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Pap smear is a medical procedure that involves collecting a small sample of cells from the uterine cervix. This sample is then sent to a lab where a cytotechnologist stains and examines the cells under a microscope. The primary purpose of a Pap smear is to screen for cervical cancer by looking for abnormal cell growth or the presence of a microbial infection.
Detailed explanation during a pelvic examination includes the placement of the patient on the examining table with legs positioned in stirrups. A speculum is inserted to provide visibility and access to the cervix, from which cells are gently brushed and collected. Although the procedure can be uncomfortable or slightly painful, it is typically brief, and measures can be taken to minimize discomfort. The importance of the Pap smear is underscored by its effectiveness in reducing cervical cancer mortality.
Thus, the correct answer to the information the nurse should give about the Pap smear is that it screens for cervical cancer (Option b).