Final answer:
The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord, both protected by the skull, vertebrae, and meninges. The CNS processes sensory information and coordinates the body's responses with the help of the peripheral nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) is a fundamental component of the nervous system which is made up of two main parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain can be further divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The spinal cord acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body and is encased within the bones of the spine, known as vertebrae. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of protective coverings called meninges, which consist of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
The central nervous system works in concert with the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes a network of nerves that extends throughout the body, to control virtually all bodily functions. The skull and the vertebrae, along with the meninges, serve to protect the delicate structures of the CNS from injury.
Overall, the CNS is responsible for receiving sensory information from the body, processing that information, and then coordinating actions and responses. It is the control center for all voluntary and involuntary movements and activities within the body.