Final answer:
Counterpressure on the sacrum is a technique used to alleviate back pain during labor, especially when the baby is in a posterior position. It is part of effective pain management strategies that cater to the different stages of childbirth where hormonal changes and physical pressure on the pelvis cause discomfort.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of pressure that relieves back pain related to fetal posterior position while the patient is in labor is b) Counterpressure on the sacrum. This method involves applying steady pressure to the lower back area to alleviate pain during contractions. Pregnant women often suffer from back strain late in their pregnancy due to the growing uterus, which exerts pressure and may cause the pelvis to become more elastic in preparation for childbirth, as well as hormonal changes that relax ligaments and joints.During labor, the production of oxytocin and other hormones such as progesterone regulate contractions. The cervix dilates, and through a series of contractions, the baby is pushed down the birth canal. Effective management of labor pain can include various techniques, but specifically, counterpressure on the sacrum can help with the discomfort associated with the fetal posterior position.