Final answer:
The correct answer to the student's question is 'd. All of the above,' as postural drainage, massage techniques, and airway clearance all affect respiratory secretions. Air is warmed and humidified in the nasal passages to protect the lungs and ward off infection. Alveolar macrophages remove pathogens and debris to maintain respiratory health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Activities that aggravate and relieve respiratory secretions include postural drainage, which involves positioning a patient so that gravity helps drain mucus from the lungs; massage techniques designed to help loosen and mobilize mucus in the chest; and airway clearance, which encompasses various methods used to assist with the removal of mucus from the airways. Thus, the correct answer is d. All of the above.
In the nasal passages, air is warmed and humidified, which helps to ward off infection, decrease sensitivity during breathing, and prevent damage to the lungs, so the correct response is d. all of the above. Cilia within the nasal passages and respiratory tract serve to push mucus containing trapped pathogens out of the body. The mucus can trap various particles like food particles, and phlegm, among other things. Alveolar macrophages play the crucial role of removing pathogens and debris from the alveoli. Finally, an allergic reaction that causes swelling in the airways increases resistance in the respiratory system, making breathing more difficult and increasing the work of breathing.