Final answer:
Pharmacology includes specialized disciplines like pharmaceutics, toxicology, and therapeutics but does not encompass orthopedics. Pharmacists apply this knowledge in various medical settings to guide drug use and ensure patient safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pharmacology encompasses several specialized scientific disciplines related to drugs and their use in medicine. However, the discipline of orthopedics is not included within pharmacology. The specialized areas of pharmacology related to drugs and their application includes pharmaceutics, which deals with the formulation of drugs; toxicology, which studies the harmful effects of substances; and therapeutics, which concerns the treatment of disease through medication. Pharmacists, with a strong background in chemistry and biology, are well-versed in these aspects of pharmacology, allowing them to dispense drugs effectively and offer guidance on their safe and proper use. They work closely with physicians and patients and can be found in a variety of medical settings.