Final answer:
The term for when a drug user requires more of a drug for the same effect is 'tolerance,' and an adverse drug reaction (ADR) refers to harmful responses from drug use. Understanding pharmacokinetics and carefully selecting dosages reduce the risk of ADRs and drug abuse in personalized medicine. Option A is the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
An injury or severe harmful response caused by a single dose or extended use of a drug is known as an adverse drug reaction (ADR). The definition that corresponds to the term which indicates when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug to experience the same effects of the drug is tolerance. Addiction, dependence, and rehabilitation are important concepts in understanding the consequences of drug use and how it can lead to an adverse drug reaction. These adverse effects can manifest in a variety of ways, from acute reactions to long-term damage, and understanding pharmacokinetics is crucial in predicting these outcomes and preventing drug abuse.
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and plays a critical role in the drug discovery and development process (Drug Discovery and Development Process). Adjusting dosage and route of administration is essential to minimize adverse effects while maximizing therapeutic effects, making them a fundamental consideration in personalized medicine and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to avoid ADRs. Drug-drug interactions can also lead to ADRs and are studied through reversible inhibition and time-dependent inhibition studies.