Final answer:
All the HLA genes listed, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, and HLA-E, are encoded on chromosome 6 as part of the HLA complex within the major histocompatibility complex. They play crucial roles in immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked about which of the HLA genes are not encoded on chromosome 6 within the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) complex. The HLA complex is a part of the human immune system that is crucial for the body's ability to recognize foreign substances. The specific genes in question are HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, and HLA-E.
All of the mentioned HLA genes, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, and HLA-E, are indeed encoded on chromosome 6. They are part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which plays a significant role in the immune response. These genes are involved in the presentation of peptide fragments (antigens) to the immune system, thus helping the body to differentiate between self and non-self entities.
The HLA-D is a component of the MHC class II region, whereas HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-E are part of the MHC class I region. The question asked which of these are not encoded on chromosome 6, however, they all are, so none of the options provided (1) HLA-A, (2) HLA-B, (3) HLA-C, (4) HLA-D, (5) HLA-E are correct. Each gene encodes for a molecule that presents antigens to T-cells, which is essential for immune function. The significant genetic diversity within these loci is what makes organ transplantation challenging, as a close match is required to reduce the risk of rejection.