Final answer:
Mendel's monohybrid crosses led him to several conclusions, including the law of segregation. However, Mendel did not conclude that genes are carried on chromosomes; this was established later with the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gregor Mendel's work with monohybrid crosses led him to several important conclusions about genetic inheritance. He discovered that genes exist in pairs and segregate equally into gametes during the formation of sex cells, a principle known as the law of segregation. Furthermore, he observed that one member of a gene pair can mask the expression of the other member, the basis for dominant and recessive traits.
However, Mendel did not conclude that genes are carried on chromosomes; this connection was made later with the advent of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance. At the time of Mendel's experiments, the concept of chromosomes as carriers of genetic information had not yet been established.