Final answer:
The correct invariant proteins aiding the T-cell receptor in T cells are CD3 complex proteins, including ε and ζ chains, which are not listed among the student's provided options. Igα and Igβ serve this role in B cells but do not correspond to T cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invariant proteins that provide the function for the T-cell receptor (TCR) in T cells are known as CD3 complex proteins, and they include both the ε (εpsilon) and the ζ (ζeta) chains. However, these are not the options provided in the student's question. Among the given choices, none directly correspond to the invariant chains associated with the TCR. That being said, the correct option among the listed choices is not provided, and the student should be informed that TCRs associate with CD3 complex proteins which include the ε and the ζ chains, along with additional γ (γamma) and δ (δelta) chains, but these are not among the answer options.
In the context of B cells, Igα and Igβ are the invariant proteins that help transport immunoglobulin to the membrane. In contrast, TCR signaling relies upon different proteins, with the CD3 complex playing a pivotal role alongside ζeta chain homodimers or heterodimers, which are crucial for T-cell activation and function.